Materi Psycolinguistic Chomsky’s Sintactic Based Grammer

Chomsky’s Sintactic Based Grammer

Chomsky’s so-called Standar Theory or Aspects’ Theory grammer (Chomsky, 1995). That grammer shall noe be discused in some detail.

Chomsky’s Standard Theory

We may say that a subject of a sentence is refresented by a Noun Phrase (NP) consists of an N and sometimes other constituents. A predicate of sentence may be said to be represented by a verb phrase (VP) which consist of a V and sometimes other constituents. 

S -> NP + VP may be ilustrated with what is called a tree (branching) diagram : 

  S

NP              VP

The Noun Prase (NP)

Noun phrase is structure which may consist of D with an N or N alone, may be illustrated as follows :  

S NP

D N N

The                  boy John

The Verb Phrase (VP)

The subject and object NP relations with respect to the verb are shown in the following tree structure of that sentence :

S

NP       VP

D N V NP

The              girl   saw    D                     N     

the     boy

Sentence which may modify a noun : NP -> (D) + N + (S) 

The dentist who likes cheese telephoned :

S

NP                                                                                                        VP

D                 N                                S V

The          dentist NP                     VP        Telephoned

N                                                                                    

                                                                  who                V NP

                                                                                                                        N

                                                                                        likes    

                                                                                                                   cheese

The rule form for a verb with a direct object is, therefore : VP -> V + NP

According to chomsky, the complements of verb are similar to objectin that they too form a close relation to the verb, such structures are shown in much the same way : 

  S

                  NP       VP

        D        N                             V                                                             S                        

     The         police                             think                          NP     VP

                     D N V       NP

A           professor        threw D               N

The       bomb

The rule form for a verb which takes a sentatial complement is : VP -> V + S.

Adjective, Adverb, and Adverbial phrases are other conctituents which frequently occur in VPs.

Example : The weather was bad

S

                       

                                                  NP                         VP

           

D                    N             V                   Adj  

                   

The             whether       is                     bad

The rule form for a VP composed of a verb and an adjective thus would be : VP -> V + Adj.

This fact may be expressed in rule form as follows : 

Thus, adverbials in a sentence, hereafter called adverb phrases ( AdvP ) such as in rule follosws below : 

Adv -> (█(NP@PrepP@Adj)) , PrepP -> Prep + NP ,  =>  VP -> V +  (█(NP@S@Adj)) + (AdvP)+ ..... + ( AdvP)

For example, The students danced pacefully at the disco on Monday would be represented with the following tree structure :

S

NP                                                                                               VP

D                     N V                        AdvP                          AdvP AdvP

The               student        dance                    Adv                            PrepP                                              PrepP

grecefully     Prep NP                       Prep          NP

                                                                                               at                    D  N                on            N

                                                                                                                     the               disco                        Monday

Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Transformational Rules

The tenor drank then sang

Deep Structure

              S

                                          S                                          conj S

    NP VP NP VP

then

          D                     N                               V                                    D N                             V

         The                tenor                      drank                                the                            tenor                      sang

Surface Structure

                          S

                                          S                                          conj S

    NP VP VP

then

          D                     N                               V                                                                    V

         The                tenor                      drank                                                                                                  sang

The Phonological

A sentence have two  syntactic structure so too have two levels sound. One of these speech levels is called phonetic, the other phonemic. The phonetic level of decription is essentially based on a very careful listening to the sound feature of speech.

The Lexicon

A part of the base, is a crucial part of that sub- component. Example word longer and longest in a dictionary each have 2 morpheme /long/ and /er /. Lexicon is the number of morpheme.

The Semantic Component

The semantic interpretation or representation which results from the aplication of these rules makes manifest the various semantic aspects of a sentence.